The potential energy of water converted into kinetic energy at the nozzle. The water exit nozzle that has high speed hit the water turbine blades. After hitting the blade, direction of flow velocity changes resulting change in momentum (impulse). As a result, the water turbine wheel will rotate.
Water turbine impulse is has same pressure with atmospheric because the flow of water coming out of the nozzle is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. All energy due to height place and pressure when enter into the turbine blade path is converted into velocity energy.
Water turbine impulse type can be classified as the following below:
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